Cellular Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer

CellRole in pancreatic cancerRelationship to outcomeReference
NKdeactivated↑tumor stage and ↓survival[11–13]
CD8+ T-Celldeactivated↑tumor stage and ↓survival[5, 8, 13]
CD4+ Th1-Cell↓↑tumor stage and ↓survival[12–14]
TAM (M1)↓↑tumor stage[4, 12–14]
DCdeactivated↑survival[8, 13, 17, 18]
MDSC↑↓survival[5, 12, 16, 24]
Mast Cell↑↑metastases[9, 13]
T-regs↑↓survival[4, 5, 12, 22, 23]
TAM (M2)↑↑stage and ↓survival[4, 12–14]
Fibroblast↑↑stage and ↓survival[12, 13, 25, 27]
CD4 + Th2 Cell↑↑stage and ↓ survival[5, 9, 12–14, 16, 25]

↑ increase, ↓ decrease, DC dendritic cell, MDSC myeloid derived suppressor cell, NK natural killer cell, TAM tumor associated macrophage